Mitochondria


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Mitochondria

 Mitochondria are small, rod-shaped organelles found in large numbers. They were first discovered by Kolliker in 1880. It is a double layered cell organelle. Each mitochondrion is bounded by two membranes: outer and inner. The outer membrane is smooth and porous, while the inner membrane is folded into finger like projections called cristae. The cristae lie in a ground substance called matrix. Mitochondria possess enzymes necessary for the oxidation of carbohydrates. This process releases energy in the form of ATP. This is why mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria have their own DNA and ribosomes. They can synthesize their own proteins and thus they are semiautonomous (self replicating) organelles. Space between outer and inner membrane is called intermembranous space.

Functions of Mitochondria

  • Mitochondria provide energy for the vital activities of living cells.
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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    Which of the following is the correct pair of the organelle with its function?

    Right Option : A
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    Question : 2

    The foldings of the inner membrane of mitochondria are referred to as ___________

    Right Option : D
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    Question : 3

    Identify the organelle swhich indicates the following features ?

    • (i) Rod shaped body
    • (ii) Double membrane
    • (iii) Outer membrane is smooth and inner membrane folds to form cristae
    • (iv) Fluid inside the organelle is called matrix
    Right Option : B
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